Kedu ka esi amata ihe nkiri PE na ihe nkiri PVC na usoro nkịtị ma ọ bụ kwa ụbọchị?
Ihe ị na-achọ bụ ule Beilstein.Ọ na-ekpebi ọnụnọ nke PVC site na ịchọpụta ọnụnọ nke chlorine.Ị chọrọ ọkụ propane (ma ọ bụ Bunsen burner) na waya ọla kọpa.Waya ọla kọpa n'onwe ya na-ere ọkụ nke ọma mana mgbe ejikọtara ya na ihe nwere chlorine (PVC) ọ na-ere akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.Kpoo waya ọla kọpa n'elu ọkụ (jiri ihe nkwụnye iji chebe onwe gị ma jiri ogologo waya) wepụ ihe fọdụrụ na-achọghị.Pịa waya na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime ihe nlele rọba gị ka ụfọdụ n'ime ya gbazee na waya wee dochie waya plastik kpuchie n'ọkụ wee lelee anya akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-egbuke egbuke.Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-ere ọkụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ị nwere PVC.
N'ikpeazụ, PE na-esi ísì dị ka wax na-ere ọkụ ebe PVC nwere isi kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu ma na-emenyụ onwe ya ozugbo ewepụrụ ya n'ọkụ.
"Polyethylene ọ dị ka PVC?"Mba.
Polyethylene enweghị chlorine na molekul, PVC nwere.PVC nwere polyvinyl dochie chlorine, polyethylene adịghị.N'ezie, PVC siri ike karịa polyethylene.CPVC ọbụna karịa.PVC na-agbanye ogige n'ime mmiri ka oge na-aga nke na-egbu egbu, polyethylene adịghị.PVC ruptures n'okpuru overpressure (ya mere adịghị adabara maka abịakọrọ ngwa ikuku), polyethylene adịghị.
Ha abụọ bụ plastik thermoformed.
PVC ọ bụ polyethylene?
PVC, ma ọ bụ polyvinyl chloride, bụ polyethylene dochie anya.Nke a pụtara na carbon carbon ọzọ nke yinye nwere otu chlorine jikọtara ya na hydrogen, karịa hydrogens abụọ a na-ahụkarị na polyethylene.
Kedu ihe a na-eji plastik polyethylene eme?
Ethylene
Polyethylene (PE), ọkụ, resin sịntetik na-agbanwe agbanwe nke emere site na polymerization nke ethylene.Polyethylene bụ otu n'ime ezinụlọ dị mkpa nke resin polyolefin.
Kedu ihe bụ crosslink polyethylene?
Polyethylene bụ hydrocarbon nwere ogologo agbụ nke na-etolite site na njikọ nke ethylene molekul n'usoro na mmeghachi omume a maara dị ka polymerization.Enwere ụzọ dị iche iche isi mee mmeghachi omume polymerization a.
Ọ bụrụ na ejiri Ti-based inorganic catalyst (Ziegler polymerization) mee ihe, ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume dị nro na polymer nke na-esi na ya pụta bụ n'ụdị ụgbụ hydrocarbon jupụtara ogologo ogologo na obere unsaturation (un-saturated -CH = CH2 otu) ma ọ bụ dị ka akụkụ. nke yinye ma ọ bụ dị ka otu egwu egwu.A na-akpọ ngwaahịa a dị ka High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).Ọbụlagodi mgbe a na-etinye ndị na-emekọ ihe ọnụ dị ka 1-butene, ọkwa nke unsaturation na polymer na-akpata (LLDPE) pere mpe.
Ọ bụrụ na ejiri Chromium Oxide dabere inorganic catalyst, a na-emepụtakwa ụdọ hydrocarbon ogologo ogologo ọzọ, mana a na-ahụ ọkwa ụfọdụ nke enweghị afọ ojuju.Ọzọkwa nke a bụ HDPE, mana ya na alaka ogologo ogologo.
Ọ bụrụ na a na-eduzi polymerization radical initiated, enwere ohere maka ụdọ ogologo akụkụ abụọ dị na polymer, yana ọtụtụ isi ihe nke unsaturated -CH = CH2 dị ka akụkụ nke yinye.A maara resin a dị ka LDPE.Enwere ike itinye ọtụtụ ndị na-emekọ ihe ọnụ dị ka vinyl acetate, 1-butene na dienes iji gbanwee ma rụọ ọrụ nke yinye hydrocarbon, ma gụnyekwa unsaturation ọzọ n'ime otu ndị na-agba egwu.
LDPE, n'ihi ọkwa dị elu nke ọdịnaya unsaturation ya, bụ isi maka ijikọ njikọ.Nke a bụ usoro nke na-eme mgbe emechara polymer linear nke mbụ.Mgbe LDPE jikọtara ya na ndị na-ebido radical free na oke okpomọkụ, ọ na-ejikọta ụdọ dị iche iche site na "njikọ cross" site na.ụdọ n'akụkụ unsaturated.Nke a na-ebute usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị (nhazi akụkụ 3) nke ka "siri ike".
A na-eji mmeghachi omume crosslinking 'dobe' otu ụdị, ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe siri ike ma ọ bụ dị ka ụfụfụ, na-amalite site na pliable, na-edozi ngwa ngwa.A na-eji usoro dị otú ahụ nke crosslinking mee ihe na "vulcanization" nke roba, ebe a na-eme polymer linear nke sitere na isoprene polymerization na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe siri ike nke 3 akụkụ site na iji sọlfọ (S8) dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ijikọta agbụ dị iche iche.Enwere ike ịchịkwa ogo nke njikọ njikọ iji binye ebumnuche kpọmkwem na njirimara nke polymer na-apụta.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 11-2022